Following the Black Spiral: Old Voices, New Life (Towards the History of the Early Commercial Gramophone Records in Bulgaria)

Authors

  • Ventsislav Dimov Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication; Institute of Art Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Keywords:

Bulgarian gramophone records, record industry, music archives, ethnomusicology, print/online catalogues and discographies

Abstract

The earliest surviving sound evidence of music and musicians from Bulgaria is on commercial gramophone records from the early XX century. Although unique sources for ethnomusicological and historical research, these commercial recordings are little known and almost unexplored. The proposed text sets out to collect and describe information on the first decade of commercial gramophone recordings in Bulgaria. The basis for the research is sound evidence from scholarly and museum archives and private collections; music company catalogues, labels on gramophone records, discographies; and supporting information – texts and advertising images from newspapers, memoirs and memoir literature as primary and secondary sources. The sought ethnomusicological approach is achieved through a combination of different research methods: ethnographic, historical, discographic, cultural, anthropological. The results of the research present the role of commercial recordings in musical and popular culture in Bulgaria in the years leading up to the First World War, cultural life, musical history, musicing, intercultural interactions, the cultural choices of Western and local, Slavic and Balkan, traditional music in non-traditional modern contexts, art music in popular contexts, and the role of professional musicians.

References

Aleksandrović, Vesna (2008) “Analog/Digital Sound. National Library of Serbia Digital Collection of 78 rpm gramophone records”, Review of National Center for Digitization 12: 37–42.

Andreev, Andrey (1967) “Mihaylov-Stoyan, Konstantin Ivanovich”. In Entsiklopediya na balgarskata muzikalna kultura. Sofiya: Izdatelstvo na BAN, 309–311 / Андреев, Андрей (1967) “Михайлов-Стоян, Константин Иванович”. В Енциклопедия на балгарската музикална култура. София: Издателство на БАН, 309–311.

Atanasov, Vergiliy (1967) “Zvukozapis”. In Entsiklopediya na balgarskata muzikalna kultura, Sofiya: Izdatelstvo na BAN, 140–141 / Атанасов, Виргилий (1967) “Звукозапис”. В Енциклопедия на балгарската музикална култура. София: Издателство на БАН, 140–141.

Ceribašić, Naila (2021) “Music as Recording, Music in Culture, and the Study of Early Recording Industry in Ethnomusicology: A Take on Edison Bell Penkala”, IRASM 52 (2): 323–354.

Dimov, Ventsislav (2005) “Kam izsledvane na zapisanata muzika v Balgariya ot parvata polovina na ХХ vek: arhivi i kolektsii”, Balgarsko muzikoznanie 1: 144–172 / Димов, Венцислав (2005) “Към изследване на записаната музика в България от първата половина на ХХ век: архиви и колекции”, Българско музикознание 1: 144–172.

Dimov, Ventsislav (2006) “Komersialnite zapisi na folklorna muzika – nov obekt v etnomuzikologiyata”. In Valchinova-Chendova (ed.) Novi idei v muzikoznanieto, Sofiya: SBK, 176–194 / Димов, Венцислав (2006) “Комерсиалните записи на фолклорна музика – нов обект в етномузикологията”. В Вълчинова-Чендова (ред.) Нови идеи в музикознанието, София: СБК, 176–194.

Dimov, Ventsislav (2008) “On some Early Evidence of Musical Hybridization: Observation on Commercial Gramophone Records from Bulgaria”. In The Human World and Musical Diversity. Proceeding from the Fourth Meeting of the ICTM Study Group “Music and Minorities” in Varna, Bulgaria 2006. Sofia: Institute of Art Studies, 43–50.

Dimov, Ventsislav (2019) “Les tavernes et cafes Balkaniques et la naissance de la musique locale enregisttree”. In Raia Zaimova (Ed.) Café Europe, Sofia: Institut D’Etudes Balkaniques & Centre de Thracologie, 43–55.

Dimov, Ventsislav (2021) Zhivite glasove: predstavyane na arhiviranoto zvukovo nasledstvo na Rayna Katsarova (plochi ot 30-te i 40-te godini na ХХ vek), Sofiya: Institut za izsledvane na izkustvata, spisanie „Balgarsko muzikoznanie“/ Димов, Венцислав (2021) Живите гласове: представяне на архивираното звуково наследство на Райна Кацарова (плочи от 30-те и 40-те години на ХХ век), София: Институт за изследване на изкуствата, списание „Българско музикознание“.

Diskograf (2022) Hrvatska e-diskografija. Digitalni repozitorij Instituta za etnologiju i folkloristiku. https://repozitorij.dief.eu/a/?pc=i&id=108929 [accessed on 03. 04. 2022]

Dumnić Vilotijević, Marija (2018) “Contemporary Urban Folk Music in the Balkans: Possibilities for Regional Music History”, Musicology 25: 91–101

Dumnić Vilotijević, Marija (2019) Zvuci nostalgije: istorija starogradske muzike u Srbiji, Beograd: Čigoja–Muzikološki institut SANU.

Friedman, Howard. [-] The Collector’s Guide to Gramophone Company Record Labels 1898–1925. MusicWeb-international. http://www.musicweb-international.com/friedman/index.htm [accessed on 03. 04. 2022]

Georgiev, Georgi (1983) Sofiya i sofiyantsi. Sofiya: „Nauka i izkustvo” / Георгиев, Георги (1983) София и софиянци. София: „Наука и изкуство“.

Gramophon (1908) Gramofon. Vremenen list na balgarski. Novi gramofonovi dvoyni plochi za may-dekemvri 1908. Generalno predstavitelstvo i fabrichen sklad za Balgariya M. Veber, Ruse i Sofiya / Грамофон (1908) Грамофон. Временен лист на български. Нови грамофонови двойни плочи за май-декември 1908. Генерално представителство и фабричен склад за България М. Вебер, Русе и София.

Gronow, Pekka (1981) “The Record Industry comes to the Orient”, Ethnomusicology 25 (2): 251–284.

Gronow, Pekka (1983) “The Record Industry: Growth of a mass medium”, Popular Music 3: 53–76.

Gronow, Pekka (1996) The Recording Industry: An Ethnomusicological Approach, Tampere: University of Tampere.

Gronow, Pekka (2014) “The World’s Greatest Sound Archive: 78 rpm Records as a Source for Musicological Research”, Traditiones 43 (2): 31–49.

Kanazirski-Verin, Georgi (1947) Sofiya predi 50 godini. Sofiya: Balgarska kniga / Каназирски-Верин, Георги (1947) София преди 50 години. София: Българска книга.

Kelly, Alan (2021) Kelly On-line Database. https://www.kellydatabase.org/Entry.aspx [accessed on 30. 05. 2022].

Kostentseva, Rayna (1979) Moyat roden grad Sofiya predi 75 godini i posle, Sofiya: Izdatelstvo na OF. / Костенцева, Райна (1979) Моят роден град София преди 75 години и после. София: Издателство на ОФ.

Kraker, Velimir and Ivan Mirnik (2018) “Zvučni zapisi vojne glazbe u Hrvatskoj”. In Vijoleta Herman Kaurić (ed.) 1914. – Prva godina rata u Trojednoj Kraljevini i Austro-Ugarskoj Monarhiji: Zbornik radova. Zagreb: Matica hrvatska, 383–408.

Kunei, Drago (2014) “Slovenski posnetki na gramofonskih ploščah z 78 o/min”, Traditiones 43 (2): 11–29.

Kunej, Drago (2017) “78 rpm Records as a Source for Ethnomusicology and Folklore Research: Experiences from Slovenia”. In Susanne Ziegler et al. (eds) Historical Sources of Ethnomusicology in Contemporary Debate, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 34–49.

Kunej, Drago and Rebeka Kunej (2017) Music from both sides: gramophone records made by Matija Arko and the Hoyer Trio, Ljubljana: Založba ZRC.

Kunej, Rebeka (2013) “Looking at Folk Dance. The Overlooked Resources of Old Gramophone Records”. In Drago Kunej and Urša Šivic (eds.) Trapped in Folklore? Studies in Music and Dance Tradition and Their Contemporary Transformations. (Musikethnologie / Ethnomusicology, vol. 7).,Zürich, Berlin: LIT Verlag, 161–179.

Kunej, Rebeka (2014) Stare gramofonske plošče kot etnokoreološko gradivo. Traditiones 43 (2): 119–136.

Lajić Mihajlović, Danka i Smiljana Đorđević Belić (2016) „Pevanje uz gusle i muzička industrija: guslarska izvođenja na prvim gramofonskim pločama (1908−1931/2)”, Muzikologija 20: 199–222.

Lydon, Michael (2012) “Lomax in Ireland: fieldwork commercial recordings and ‘great remembers’.” B.A. thesis, National University of Ireland Galway, 2012. Online thesis. https://www.academia.edu/4968032/LOMAX_IN_IRELAND_FIELDWORK_COMMERCIAL_RECORDINGS_AND_GREAT_REMEMBERS_ [accessed on 03. 04. 2022]

Malm, Krister (1992) “The Music Industry”. In Myers, Helen (ed.) Ethnomusicology. An Introduction.,London: MacMillan Press, 349–364.

Pavlović, Јevta M. (1909) Grammophon: Spisak hrvatskih, bosanskih, srpskih i crnogorskih gramofonskih i zonofonskih ploča. Beograd. http://digitalna.nb.rs/sf/NBS/MuzikaIZvuk/katalozi_izdavackih_kuca [accessed on 03. 04. 2022]

Palić, Mite (1913) Ilustrovani tsenovnik gramofona (govoreћih mashina) i spisak naјnoviјih srpskih plocha. Panchevo. http://digitalna.nb.rs/sf/NBS/MuzikaIZvuk/katalozi_izdavackih_kuca [accessed on 03. 04. 2022]

Pennanen, Risto Pekka (2000) “Commercial Recordings and Music Research”, East European Meetings in Ethnomusicology 7: 101–104.

Pennanen, Risto Pekka (2003) “A forgotten treasure trove – the first gramophone recordings ever made in Saraevo, May-June 1907”. In ІІІ International Simposium “Music in a Society”, Sarajevo: Musicological Society of the FBiH, 172–177.

Pennanen, Risto Pekka (2005) “Kako Koristiti Komercijalne Snimke za Muzicko Istrazivanje: Metodoloski Pribor za Prvu Pomoc”. U Muzika. IV. Medunarodni Simpozij “Muzika u Drustvu”, Sarajevo: Musicological Society of the FbiH, 28–44.

Pennanen, Risto Pekka (2007) “Immortalised on Wax: Professional Folk Musicians and Their Gramophone Recordings Made in Sarajevo, 1907 and 1908”. In Božidar Jezernik et al. (eds),Europe and Its Other: Notes on the Balkans, Ljubljana: Filozofska fakulteta, 107–148.

Perkins, John F., Alan Kelly and John Ward (1976) “On Gramophone Company Matrix Numbers, 1898 to 1921”, The Record Collector 23 (3–4): 51–90.

Petrov, Lyubomir (1974) “Rannoto razprostranenie na gramofona v Plovdiv i selishtata ot Plovdivskiya kray”. Godishnik na narodniya etnografski muzey – Plovdiv, 2: 99–137. / Петров, Любомир (1974) „Ранното разпространение на грамофона в Пловдив и селищата от Пловдивския край“. Годишник на народния етнографски музей – Пловдив, 2: 99–137.

Peycheva, Lozanka (2008) Mezhdu Seloto i Vselenata: starata folklorna muzika ot Balgariya v novite vremena, Sofiya: Akademichno izdatelstvo “Prof. Marin Drinov”. / Пейчева, Лозанка (2008) Между Селото и Вселената: старата фолклорна музика от България в новите времена. София: Академично издателство “Проф. Марин Дринов”.

Peycheva, Lozanka (2019) ‘Narodniyat duh’ v avtorskite pesni ot Balgariya, Sofiya: UI „Sv. Kliment Ohridski“ / Пейчева, Лозанка (2019) ‘Народният дух’ в авторските песни от България, София: Университетско издателство “Св. Климент Охридски”.

Rust, Brian (1980) Brian Rust’s Guide to Discography. Westport, Connecticut–London: Greenwood Press.

Spottswood, Richard K. (1990) Ethnic Music on Records: A Discography of Ethnic Recordings Produced in the United States, 1893 to 1942. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Tsonev, Mladen (1968) Sbogom, baron Hirsh! Sofiya: Narodna mladezh / Цонев, Младен (1968) Сбогом, барон Хирш! София: Народна младеж.

Valchinova-Chendova, Elisaveta (2000) Gradskata traditsionna instrumentalna praktika i orkestrovata kultura v Balgariya (sredata na XIX i kraya na XX vek), Sofiya: RIK “Poni”. / Вълчинова-Чендова, Елисавета (2000) Градската традиционна практика и оркестровата култура в България (средата на XIX – края на ХХ век), София: РИК “Пони”.

Valchinova-Chendova, Elisaveta, Albena Naydenova (2008) Svetat na moyata muzika. Kompozitorat Vladimir Panchev, Sofiya: Mars. /

Вълчинова-Чендова, Елисавета, Албена Найденова (2008) Светът на моята музика. Композиторът Владимир Панчев, София: Марс.

Zheleznayy, Anatoliy I. (1989) Nash drug – gramplastinka, Kiev: “Muzichna Ukraïna” / Железный, Анатолий И. (1989) Наш друг – грампластинка, Киев, “Музична Украïна”.

Downloads

Published

30.06.2022

How to Cite

Dimov, Ventsislav. 2022. “Following the Black Spiral: Old Voices, New Life (Towards the History of the Early Commercial Gramophone Records in Bulgaria)”. MUZIKOLOGIJA-MUSICOLOGY, no. 32 (June). Belgrade, Serbia:19-40. https://muzikologija-musicology.com/index.php/MM/article/view/23.