Programming Gate-based Hardware Quantum Computers for Music
Keywords:
quantum computer music, algorithms, D-WaveAbstract
There have been significant attempts previously to use the equations of quantum mechanics for generating sound, and to sonify simulated quantum processes. For new forms of computation to be utilized in computer music, eventually hardware must be utilized. This has rarely happened with quantum computer music. One reason for this is that it is currently not easy to get access to such hardware. A second is that the hardware available requires some understanding of quantum computing theory. Tis paper moves forward the process by utilizing two hardware quantum computation systems: IBMQASM v1.1 and a D-Wave 2X. It also introduces the ideas behind the gate-based IBM system, in a way hopefully more accessible to computerliterate readers. Tis is a presentation of the frst hybrid quantum computer algorithm, involving two hardware machines. Although neither of these algorithms explicitly utilize the promised quantum speed-ups, they are a vitalfrst step in introducing QC to the musical feld. Te article also introduces some key quantum computer algorithms and discusses their possible future contribution to computer music.
References
Albash, Tameem, Vinci, Walter, Mishra, Anurag, Warburton, Paul A. and Lidar, Daniel A. (2015) “Consistency tests of classical and quantum models for a quantum annealer.“ Physical Review A 91(4): 042314.
Anon. (2014) “Scientists ‘sonify’ LHC data to Chamber Music.“ ALICE Maters — A Large Ion Collider Experiment, 30 October 2014, http://alicematers.web.cern.ch/?q=content/node/776
Bian, Zhengbing, Chudak, Fabian, Macready, Willliam G. and Rose, Geordie (2010) “The Ising model: teaching an old problem new tricks.“ D-Wave Systems, 30 August 2010, https://www.dwavesys.com/sites/default/fles/weightedmaxsat_v2.pdf
Brody, James (2003) “Background Count“, for percussion and 2 channel electroacoustic. Background Count. Electroacoustic Music by James Brody. CD Innova 600116680624, https://www.innova.mu/albums/james-brody/background-count
Cádiz, Rodrigo F. and Ramos, Javier (2014) “Sound Synthesis of a Gaussian Quantum Particle in an Infnite Square Well.“ Computer Music Journal 38(4): 53–67.
Coleman, Jaz (2003) Music of the Quantum. New York: Columbia University, http://musicofhequantum.rutgers.edu/musicofhequantum.php
Culpan, Daniel (2015) “CERN’s ‘Cosmic Piano’ uses particle data to make music.“ Wired, 8 September 2015, http://www.wired.co.uk/article/cern-cosmic-piano
Glowacki, David, Tew, Philip, Mitchell, Tomas and McIntosh-Smith, Simon (2012) “Danceroom Spectroscopy: Interactive quantum molecular dynamics accelerated on GPU architectures using OpenCL.“ Te fourth UK Many-Core developer conference (UKMAC 2012), Bristol, http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/18268/
Katzgraber, Helmut G. (2015) “Seeking Quantum Speedup Through Spin Glasses: Evidence of Tunneling?“ American Physical Society Meeting Abstracts id. L53.005.
Kirke, Alexis, Miranda, Eduardo, Chiaramonte, Antonino, Troisi, Anna R., Mathias, John, Fry, Nicholas and McCabe, Catherine (2013) “Cloud Chamber: A Performance with Real Time Two-Way Interaction Between Subatomic Particles and Violinist.“ Leonardo Journal 46(1): 84–85.
Kirke, Alexis (2016) Superposition Symphony. Port Eliot Festival, 29 July 2016, https://porteliotfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Port-Eliot-Programme.pdf
Kirke, Alexis and Miranda, Eduardo R. (2017) “Experiments in Sound and Music Quantum Computing.“ In: Eduardo Reck Miranda (ed.), Guide to Unconventional Computing for Music. Cham: Springer, 121–157.
Lucas, Andrew (2014) “Ising formulations of many NP problems.“ arXiv.org, Cornell University Library, preprint https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.5843.pdf
Malloy, Ian and Hollenbeck, Dennis (2016) “Inversions of New Hope.“ arXiv.org, Cornell University Library, preprint https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.04993.pdf
Neven, Hartmut (2016) “Quantum Annealing at Google: Recent Learnings and Next Steps.“ American Physical Society (APS) Meeting Abstracts, March 2016, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS. MARF45001N.
O’ Flaherty, Eric (2009) “LHCsound: Sonifcation of the ATLAS data output.“ Science & Technology Facilities Council — Small Awards Scheme, https://stfc.ukri.org/news/the-sounds-of-the-lhc/
Putz, Volkmar and Svozil, Karl (2017) “Quantum Music.“ Sof Computing 21(6): 1467–1471.
Shor, Peter W. (2006) “Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer.“ SIAM Journal of Computing 26(5): 1484–1509.
Sturm, Bob L. (2000) “Sonification of Particle Systems via de Broglie’s Hypothesis.“ In: Peter R. Cook (ed.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD2000), Atlanta, GA, April 2–5, 2000. Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology / International Community for Auditory Display, https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/50683/Sturm2000.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Sturm, Bob L. (2001) “Composing for an Ensemble of Atoms: The Metamorphosis of Scientific Experiment into Music.“ Organised Sound 6(2): 131–145.
Weimer, Heindrik (2010) “Listen to Quantum Computer Music.“ Quantenblog, http://www.quantenblog.net/physics/quantum-computer-music.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 MUZIKOLOGIJA-MUSICOLOGY

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
-
Ауторство — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. -
Некомерцијално — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
-
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.